The Effect of Visual Mark Arrangement on Value Estimation Accuracy in Waffle Charts
D. Lertpiriyasap and P. Ruchikachorn, The Effect of Visual Mark Arrangement on Value Estimation Accuracy in Waffle Charts, IEEE VIS Posters, Boston, USA, 2026.
🖼 Poster
📄 Preprint
This study investigates whether visual mark arrangement, color ordering, and data grouping affect estimation accuracy in waffle charts with a two-value containment structure. Data from 73 participants who completed a 12-condition within-subject study were analyzed using mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression. Visual mark arrangement and color ordering showed no statistically significant effects, whereas data grouping significantly affected accuracy. Participants performed more accurately when the two quantities differed substantially and estimated the smaller contained value more accurately than the larger containing value. These findings indicate that relationships between data magnitudes may affect estimation accuracy more strongly than the tested visual-design variations.